Bill Crown is group president of health economics and outcomes research and late phase research for OptumInsight. From 1982 to 1995, he was a faculty member at the Florence Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University, where he taught graduate courses in statistics and conducted research on the economics of aging and long-term care policy. Prior to joining Optum, Bill was vice president of outcomes research and econometrics at Medstat, where he conducted numerous retrospective database analyses of the burden of illness associated with various diseases—particularly respiratory and mental health conditions. Bill's work in the area of depression was one of the first applications of econometric techniques in outcomes research to control for the effects of selection bias when using retrospective data. He has 24 years’ experience conducting health policy and income maintenance research for private-sector and public-sector clients. Bill is the author or co-author of four books and more than 90 referenced journal articles, book chapters, and other publications.